Blood glucose levels are maintained in a narrow range by specific hormones acting on the liver, pancreatic beta cells, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Glucagon, Cortisol, Epinephrine, Growth hormone (a.k.a stress hormones as a bunch) increase blood glucose levels whereas Insulin has the opposite effect.

*2h PPBG levels after 75g of oral glucose (Oral glucose tolerance test-OGTT) is the recommended test for diagnosis of DM. But Random blood glucose >200 mg/dl with osmotic symptoms (excessive thirst, urination and weight loss ) are also diagnostic **American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends any 2 tests to be positive or abnormal test to be repeated the other day to confirm diabetes.