What is BMI?
BMI, or Body Mass Index, is a simple numerical measure that estimates body fat based on height and weight. It’s used to categorize individuals into weight categories that may indicate potential health risks.
The formula for BMI is:
BMI = weight (kg) / [height (m)]²
For example, someone who weighs 70 kg and is 170 cm (1.7 m) tall would have a BMI of:
BMI = 70 / (1.7 × 1.7) = 24.2
BMI Categories
Category | BMI Range |
---|---|
Underweight | Less than 18.5 |
Normal | 18.5 – 24.9 |
Overweight | 25 – 29.9 |
Obese | 30 or higher |
Limitations of BMI
- BMI does not distinguish between muscle and fat mass.
- It may overestimate body fat in athletes or muscular individuals.
- It may underestimate fat in older adults or people with low muscle mass.
- Does not account for sex, ethnicity, or body composition.
Why It’s Still Useful
Despite its limitations, BMI is a useful population-level screening tool. It’s easy to calculate, widely understood, and often used by healthcare professionals to flag potential health issues related to weight.