Type 1 diabetes is one of the diabetes mellitus diseases which is considered to be a metabolism chronic disease. Before 1924 when insulin was discovered, Type 1 diabetes always ended in death. But because of insulin it is now a disease that can be managed.

Type 1 diabetes occurs because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin for metabolism of sugar from food to enable it to be used by the cells in the body for energy and growth. This is known as "insulin dependent". Once diagnosed as having Type 1 diabetes the person must use insulin injections for the remainder of their life. There is no cure for Type 1 diabetes.

The person with Type 1 diabetes will need to measure their blood glucose levels several times a day in order to keep the level at or near normal by adjusting the dosage of insulin injections. There are also several oral medications which a physician can prescribe to work with the insulin to help with keeping the blood glucose levels from becoming to low or too high.

Those with Type 1 diabetes will also need to customize their diets to help the medications work more effectively as well as develop an exercise plan. High blood glucose levels overtime can cause damage to the nerves, small blood vessels, kidneys and heart and can also leave the person predisposed to atherosclerosis or hardening of the large arteries which leads to heart attacks and strokes. These problems with the blood vessels and the nerves cause some very severe complications which can lead to a poor quality of life as well as eventually premature death. So it is important to follow a self care management plan as well as the instructions of your healthcare team.

Other medications that may be prescribed are those to control high blood pressure as well as high cholesterol levels. Even if the diabetic does not have these conditions this is a preventive method as these two conditions are prone to happen with diabetes.

Diabetes is a very unique disease with the fact that most of the care for this disease is done by the diabetic themselves. Besides managing diet, exercise and medication, the person also needs to learn about foot and skin care because with nerve and blood flow damage, diabetics are prone to have problems with their feet which can lead to hospitalization and in some severe infections amputation of a limb.

Other areas that need to be watched are the eyes and the mouth with visits twice a year to both the eye doctor and the dentist. The diabetic will also need to develop good oral hygiene in order to prevent complications with the teeth or gums. Comprehensive eye exams are needed with dilation of the eyes in order for the eye doctor to check on the small vessels in the back of the eyes. With diabetes these small blood vessels can often leak or bleed into the retinas causing an eye problem called diabetic retinopathy. This eye disease can lead to loss of vision and even total blindness.

But when managed carefully with self care, diet, exercise, insulin and other medications, Type 1 diabetes is a disease that millions around the world live long and productive lives with on a daily basis.

Learn More about Type 1 Diabetes

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